Comparative evaluation of the antiemetic and propofol-sparing effects of acepromazine and maropitant in female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18265/2447-9187a2025id8893

Palavras-chave:

emesis, NK-1 receptor antagonist, opioids, phenothiazines, preanaesthetic medication

Resumo

Náuseas e vômitos são efeitos adversos frequentes associados à administração de opioides, podendo levar a desconforto, risco de aspiração e redução do apetite pós-operatório. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficácia da acepromazina e do maropitant na prevenção de náuseas e vômitos induzidos por morfina, comparar seus efeitos poupadores de propofol e avaliar o apetite pós-operatório em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva (OVH). Vinte e quatro cadelas jovens e saudáveis (idade média de 32,7 ± 26 meses; peso corporal médio de 6,8 ± 3 kg) foram incluídas. Os animais receberam uma injeção intravenosa de maropitant (1 mg/kg; GM), acepromazina (0,02 mg/kg; GA) ou solução salina (GS) 30 minutos antes da administração intramuscular de morfina (0,5 mg/kg). A incidência de náuseas e vômitos foi registrada ao longo de 30 minutos após a administração de morfina. Os escores de sedação, a necessidade de propofol para indução anestésica e o apetite pós-operatório também foram avaliados. Comparados à solução salina, o maropitant e a acepromazina reduziram a incidência de vômitos em 100% e 37,5% dos animais, respectivamente. Nenhum dos tratamentos preveniu náuseas. A acepromazina induziu maior sedação e reduziu a dose de propofol necessária para a indução anestésica em comparação ao maropitant e à solução salina. A recuperação do apetite pós-operatório não diferiu significativamente entre os grupos. Apesar do pequeno tamanho da amostra e do período de observação limitado, conclui-se que o maropitant previne efetivamente o vômito induzido por morfina, sem efeitos sedativos ou poupadores de propofol. Por outro lado, a acepromazina não previne a êmese, mas proporciona sedação mais profunda e reduz a necessidade de propofol. Nenhum dos dois medicamentos demonstrou eficácia no controle da náusea ou na melhora do apetite pós-operatório em cadelas saudáveis submetidas à OVH eletiva.

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Referências

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Publicado

11-08-2025

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LOPES, D. M.; DEBIAGE, R. R.; WOLFRAN, L.; FUKUSHIMA, F. B. Comparative evaluation of the antiemetic and propofol-sparing effects of acepromazine and maropitant in female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Revista Principia, [S. l.], v. 62, 2025. DOI: 10.18265/2447-9187a2025id8893. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ifpb.edu.br/index.php/principia/article/view/8893. Acesso em: 30 abr. 2026.

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Medicina Veterinária
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