Biossistemas aplicados à mitigação de metano em emissões fugitivas de aterros sanitários: uma breve revisão

Waldir Nagel Schirmer

ORCID iD Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO) Brasil

Matheus Vitor Diniz Gueri

ORCID iD Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-americana (UNILA) Brasil

Liliana Andréa dos Santos

ORCID iD Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Brasil

Guilherme José Correia Gomes

ORCID iD Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Brasil

José Fernando Thomé Jucá

ORCID iD Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Brasil

Resumo

Os biossistemas têm sido uma importante ferramenta na mitigação de gases de efeito estufa emitidos a partir da camada de cobertura de aterros sanitários. Independentemente da sua configuração (biojanela, biorrecobrimento ou biofiltro), essa tecnologia baseia-se, fundamentalmente, no princípio da oxidação biológica de gases de natureza orgânica, inorgânica, odorantes, entre outros, formados na massa residual durante as diferentes fases de decomposição dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. O presente trabalho traz uma síntese dos biossistemas mais comumente reportados na literatura aplicados à oxidação passiva de metano (um importante gás de efeito estufa) em camadas de cobertura de aterros sanitários. Além disso, discute os principais parâmetros relacionados à eficiência deste bioprocesso, como temperatura, pH, umidade do meio, carga de metano aplicada no biossistema, teor de matéria orgânica e nutrientes presentes no leito biofiltrante, bem como a porosidade do meio. De um modo geral, o uso de substratos de elevado teor de matéria e baixo custo, como rejeitos de processos industriais e estações de tratamento de efluentes domésticos, turfa, composto, dentre outros, tem se mostrado uma excelente alternativa como agregado do solo, contribuindo para a redução de gases de efeito estufa no setor de gestão de resíduos sólidos.

Palavras-chave


biorrecobrimento; gases de efeito estufa; poluição atmosférica; resíduos sólidos municipais


Texto completo:

Referências


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-0306a2021id6451

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