Caracterização de sementes e de óleos de chia, gergelim e linhaça extraídos por prensagem a frio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18265/1517-0306a2021id5608Palavras-chave:
capacidade antioxidante, composição centesimal, compostos bioativos, propriedades físico-químicasResumo
Este trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar as sementes de chia (Salvia hispanica L.), gergelim (Sesamum indicum L.) e linhaça (Linum usitassimum L.) quanto à composição centesimal, bem como avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e capacidade antioxidante dos seus óleos. As sementes apresentaram elevadas quantidades de lipídios (31,3%–46,7%) e proteínas (16,6%–25,5%). O óleo de chia mostrou maior degradação hidrolítica e oxidativa devido aos índices de acidez (5,27 mg KOH/g), peróxidos (2,76 meq/kg), ?-anisidina (3,15) e, consequentemente, o valor Totox (8,79). Quanto aos ácidos graxos, os óleos mostraram ser predominantemente constituídos por ácidos graxos insaturados, sobressaindo o de chia com maior quantidade de ácido ?-linolênico (58%). Os óleos de gergelim mostraram quantidades consideráveis de tocoferóis totais (2538,10 mg/kg–2645,59 mg/kg). O óleo de gergelim branco mostrou teor significativo de carotenoides totais (128,44 µg ?-caroteno/g), enquanto o de linhaça dourada se destacou com maior conteúdo de fenólicos totais (287,29 mg/kg) e o de chia com 199,03 mg/kg de fitosteróis totais. Os óleos avaliados também demonstraram elevada capacidade antioxidante. Assim, é possível concluir que são óleos importantes do ponto de vista funcional, devido à presença de compostos bioativos.
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