Rare earth elements and yttrium in water sources of the Distrito Federal, Central Brazil: baseline data for water quality monitoring

Poliana Dutra Maia; Artur Moraes Amorim; João Lucas Lima Oliveira; Luciano  Soares da Cunha; Fernando Fabriz Sodré

doi:10.18265/2447-9187a2026id9446

Autores

Poliana Dutra Maia Universidade de Brasília Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6733-0894
Artur Moraes Amorim Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília (IQ/UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-0063
João Lucas Lima Oliveira Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília (IQ/UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0602-4711
Luciano Soares da Cunha Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília (IQ/UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-7245
Fernando Fabriz Sodré Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília (IQ/UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-8492

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18265/2447-9187a2026id9446

Palavras-chave:

água subterrânea, elementos terras raras, gadolínio antropogênico, monitoramento ambiental, qualidade da água

Resumo

Os elementos terras raras e o ítrio (ETR+Y) foram avaliados em fontes de abastecimento de água do Distrito Federal, Brasil Central, com o objetivo de estabelecer dados de referência para o monitoramento da qualidade da água. Amostras de água tratada foram coletadas no sistema de distribuição de duas fontes de abastecimento, os lagos Paranoá e Descoberto, enquanto amostras de água subterrânea foram obtidas em aquíferos porosos e fraturados. As coletas foram realizadas durante os períodos chuvoso e seco. Os ETR+Y foram pré-concentrados na forma de complexos HDMEP–H₂DMEP utilizando colunas de extração em fase sólida C18 e quantificados por espectrometria de massas com plasma indutivamente acoplado. As maiores concentrações totais de ETR+Y foram observadas no aquífero poroso durante o período chuvoso (944,0 ± 33,7 ng/L). Concentrações elevadas de gadolínio (Gd) também foram registradas nesse período no aquífero poroso (25,4 ± 2,9 ng/L) e na água tratada proveniente do Lago Paranoá (22,9 ± 2,1 ng/L). A presença de Gd de origem antrópica foi identificada no aquífero poroso; entretanto, a alta variabilidade dos dados limita uma distinção clara entre fontes naturais e antrópicas. Anomalias positivas de La (La/La* variando de 1,2 a 1,7) e de Gd (Gd/Gd* variando de 30,40 a 21,12) foram observadas na água tratada do Lago Paranoá, associadas, respectivamente, ao escoamento de fertilizantes e a fontes relacionadas a efluentes sanitários, uma vez que o Gd tem sido associado a contaminantes emergentes, como agentes de contraste utilizados em exames médicos. Uma anomalia positiva de Ce (Ce/Ce* = 2,9 ± 0,3) foi detectada exclusivamente na água tratada do Lago Descoberto, sugerindo contribuição de fontes agrícolas. Esses resultados indicam que a análise de ETR+Y pode complementar o monitoramento convencional da qualidade da água, especialmente em situações nas quais os parâmetros tradicionais são insuficientes para identificar potenciais fontes de contaminação.

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Biografia do Autor

Poliana Dutra Maia, Universidade de Brasília

Referências

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Elementos de terras raras e ítrio em fontes de água do Distrito Federal, região Centro-Oeste do Brasil: dados de referência para o monitoramento da qualidade da água

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